Evidence for perchlorates and the origin of chlorinated hydrocarbons detected by SAM at the Rocknest aeolian deposit in Gale Crater
Identifieur interne : 000E83 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000E82; suivant : 000E84Evidence for perchlorates and the origin of chlorinated hydrocarbons detected by SAM at the Rocknest aeolian deposit in Gale Crater
Auteurs : Daniel P. Glavin [États-Unis] ; Caroline Freissinet [États-Unis] ; Kristen E. Miller [États-Unis] ; Jennifer L. Eigenbrode [États-Unis] ; Anna E. Brunner [États-Unis] ; Arnaud Buch [France] ; Brad Sutter [États-Unis] ; P. Douglas Archer Jr. [États-Unis] ; Sushil K. Atreya [États-Unis] ; William B. Brinckerhoff [États-Unis] ; Michel Cabane [France] ; Patrice Coll [France] ; Pamela G. Conrad [États-Unis] ; David Coscia [France] ; Jason P. Dworkin [États-Unis] ; Heather B. Franz [États-Unis] ; John P. Grotzinger [États-Unis] ; Laurie A. Leshin [États-Unis] ; Mildred G. Martin [États-Unis] ; Christopher Mckay [États-Unis] ; Douglas W. Ming [États-Unis] ; Rafael Navarro-González [Mexique] ; Alexander Pavlov [États-Unis] ; Andrew Steele [États-Unis] ; Roger E. Summons [États-Unis] ; Cyril Szopa [France] ; Samuel Teinturier [France] ; Paul R. Mahaffy [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets [ 2169-9097 ] ; 2013-10.
Abstract
A single scoop of the Rocknest aeolian deposit was sieved (< 150 µm), and four separate sample portions, each with a mass of ~50 mg, were delivered to individual cups inside the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument by the Mars Science Laboratory rover's sample acquisition system. The samples were analyzed separately by the SAM pyrolysis evolved gas and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis modes. Several chlorinated hydrocarbons including chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, a chloromethylpropene, and chlorobenzene were identified by SAM above background levels with abundances of ~0.01 to 2.3 nmol. The evolution of the chloromethanes observed during pyrolysis is coincident with the increase in O2 released from the Rocknest sample and the decomposition of a product of N‐methyl‐N‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)‐trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), a chemical whose vapors were released from a derivatization cup inside SAM. The best candidate for the oxychlorine compounds in Rocknest is a hydrated calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO4)2·nH2O), based on the temperature release of O2 that correlates with the release of the chlorinated hydrocarbons measured by SAM, although other chlorine‐bearing phases are being considered. Laboratory analog experiments suggest that the reaction of Martian chlorine from perchlorate decomposition with terrestrial organic carbon from MTBSTFA during pyrolysis can explain the presence of three chloromethanes and a chloromethylpropene detected by SAM. Chlorobenzene may be attributed to reactions of Martian chlorine released during pyrolysis with terrestrial benzene or toluene derived from 2,6‐diphenylphenylene oxide (Tenax) on the SAM hydrocarbon trap. At this time we do not have definitive evidence to support a nonterrestrial carbon source for these chlorinated hydrocarbons, nor do we exclude the possibility that future SAM analyses will reveal the presence of organic compounds native to the Martian regolith.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jgre.20144
Affiliations:
- France, Mexique, États-Unis
- Maryland, Texas, Washington (État), Île-de-France
- Baltimore, College Park (Maryland), Créteil, Paris
- Université du Maryland
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Conrad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, Greenbelt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greenbelt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coscia, David" sort="Coscia, David" uniqKey="Coscia D" first="David" last="Coscia">David Coscia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ. Versailles Saint‐Quentin & Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dworkin, Jason P" sort="Dworkin, Jason P" uniqKey="Dworkin J" first="Jason P." last="Dworkin">Jason P. Dworkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, Greenbelt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greenbelt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franz, Heather B" sort="Franz, Heather B" uniqKey="Franz H" first="Heather B." last="Franz">Heather B. Franz</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, Baltimore</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grotzinger, John P" sort="Grotzinger, John P" uniqKey="Grotzinger J" first="John P." last="Grotzinger">John P. Grotzinger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pasadena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leshin, Laurie A" sort="Leshin, Laurie A" uniqKey="Leshin L" first="Laurie A." last="Leshin">Laurie A. Leshin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth & Environmental Science and School of Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, Troy</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Troy</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Mildred G" sort="Martin, Mildred G" uniqKey="Martin M" first="Mildred G." last="Martin">Mildred G. Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, District of Columbia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay, Christopher" sort="Mckay, Christopher" uniqKey="Mckay C" first="Christopher" last="Mckay">Christopher Mckay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, California, Moffett Field</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Moffett Field</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ming, Douglas W" sort="Ming, Douglas W" uniqKey="Ming D" first="Douglas W." last="Ming">Douglas W. Ming</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Texas, Houston</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Houston</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro Onzalez, Rafael" sort="Navarro Onzalez, Rafael" uniqKey="Navarro Onzalez R" first="Rafael" last="Navarro-González">Rafael Navarro-González</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pavlov, Alexander" sort="Pavlov, Alexander" uniqKey="Pavlov A" first="Alexander" last="Pavlov">Alexander Pavlov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, Greenbelt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greenbelt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steele, Andrew" sort="Steele, Andrew" uniqKey="Steele A" first="Andrew" last="Steele">Andrew Steele</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, District of Columbia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Summons, Roger E" sort="Summons, Roger E" uniqKey="Summons R" first="Roger E." last="Summons">Roger E. Summons</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szopa, Cyril" sort="Szopa, Cyril" uniqKey="Szopa C" first="Cyril" last="Szopa">Cyril Szopa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ. Versailles Saint‐Quentin & Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teinturier, Samuel" sort="Teinturier, Samuel" uniqKey="Teinturier S" first="Samuel" last="Teinturier">Samuel Teinturier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ. Versailles Saint‐Quentin & Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahaffy, Paul R" sort="Mahaffy, Paul R" uniqKey="Mahaffy P" first="Paul R." last="Mahaffy">Paul R. Mahaffy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, Greenbelt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greenbelt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res. Planets</title><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno><idno type="eISSN">2169-9100</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-10">2013-10</date><biblScope unit="volume">118</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1955">1955</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1973">1973</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno></series><idno type="istex">C2CC899672662A646B3CBBA3657E69F71AFE2707</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jgre.20144</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JGRE20144</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">A single scoop of the Rocknest aeolian deposit was sieved (< 150 µm), and four separate sample portions, each with a mass of ~50 mg, were delivered to individual cups inside the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument by the Mars Science Laboratory rover's sample acquisition system. The samples were analyzed separately by the SAM pyrolysis evolved gas and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis modes. Several chlorinated hydrocarbons including chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, a chloromethylpropene, and chlorobenzene were identified by SAM above background levels with abundances of ~0.01 to 2.3 nmol. The evolution of the chloromethanes observed during pyrolysis is coincident with the increase in O2 released from the Rocknest sample and the decomposition of a product of N‐methyl‐N‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)‐trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), a chemical whose vapors were released from a derivatization cup inside SAM. The best candidate for the oxychlorine compounds in Rocknest is a hydrated calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO4)2·nH2O), based on the temperature release of O2 that correlates with the release of the chlorinated hydrocarbons measured by SAM, although other chlorine‐bearing phases are being considered. Laboratory analog experiments suggest that the reaction of Martian chlorine from perchlorate decomposition with terrestrial organic carbon from MTBSTFA during pyrolysis can explain the presence of three chloromethanes and a chloromethylpropene detected by SAM. Chlorobenzene may be attributed to reactions of Martian chlorine released during pyrolysis with terrestrial benzene or toluene derived from 2,6‐diphenylphenylene oxide (Tenax) on the SAM hydrocarbon trap. At this time we do not have definitive evidence to support a nonterrestrial carbon source for these chlorinated hydrocarbons, nor do we exclude the possibility that future SAM analyses will reveal the presence of organic compounds native to the Martian regolith.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>Mexique</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Maryland</li><li>Texas</li><li>Washington (État)</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Baltimore</li><li>College Park (Maryland)</li><li>Créteil</li><li>Paris</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Maryland</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Glavin, Daniel P" sort="Glavin, Daniel P" uniqKey="Glavin D" first="Daniel P." last="Glavin">Daniel P. Glavin</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Archer Jr, P Douglas" sort="Archer Jr, P Douglas" uniqKey="Archer Jr P" first="P. Douglas" last="Archer Jr.">P. Douglas Archer Jr.</name><name sortKey="Atreya, Sushil K" sort="Atreya, Sushil K" uniqKey="Atreya S" first="Sushil K." last="Atreya">Sushil K. Atreya</name><name sortKey="Brinckerhoff, William B" sort="Brinckerhoff, William B" uniqKey="Brinckerhoff W" first="William B." last="Brinckerhoff">William B. Brinckerhoff</name><name sortKey="Brunner, Anna E" sort="Brunner, Anna E" uniqKey="Brunner A" first="Anna E." last="Brunner">Anna E. Brunner</name><name sortKey="Brunner, Anna E" sort="Brunner, Anna E" uniqKey="Brunner A" first="Anna E." last="Brunner">Anna E. Brunner</name><name sortKey="Conrad, Pamela G" sort="Conrad, Pamela G" uniqKey="Conrad P" first="Pamela G." last="Conrad">Pamela G. Conrad</name><name sortKey="Dworkin, Jason P" sort="Dworkin, Jason P" uniqKey="Dworkin J" first="Jason P." last="Dworkin">Jason P. Dworkin</name><name sortKey="Eigenbrode, Jennifer L" sort="Eigenbrode, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Eigenbrode J" first="Jennifer L." last="Eigenbrode">Jennifer L. Eigenbrode</name><name sortKey="Franz, Heather B" sort="Franz, Heather B" uniqKey="Franz H" first="Heather B." last="Franz">Heather B. Franz</name><name sortKey="Franz, Heather B" sort="Franz, Heather B" uniqKey="Franz H" first="Heather B." last="Franz">Heather B. Franz</name><name sortKey="Freissinet, Caroline" sort="Freissinet, Caroline" uniqKey="Freissinet C" first="Caroline" last="Freissinet">Caroline Freissinet</name><name sortKey="Grotzinger, John P" sort="Grotzinger, John P" uniqKey="Grotzinger J" first="John P." last="Grotzinger">John P. Grotzinger</name><name sortKey="Leshin, Laurie A" sort="Leshin, Laurie A" uniqKey="Leshin L" first="Laurie A." last="Leshin">Laurie A. Leshin</name><name sortKey="Mahaffy, Paul R" sort="Mahaffy, Paul R" uniqKey="Mahaffy P" first="Paul R." last="Mahaffy">Paul R. Mahaffy</name><name sortKey="Martin, Mildred G" sort="Martin, Mildred G" uniqKey="Martin M" first="Mildred G." last="Martin">Mildred G. Martin</name><name sortKey="Martin, Mildred G" sort="Martin, Mildred G" uniqKey="Martin M" first="Mildred G." last="Martin">Mildred G. Martin</name><name sortKey="Mckay, Christopher" sort="Mckay, Christopher" uniqKey="Mckay C" first="Christopher" last="Mckay">Christopher Mckay</name><name sortKey="Miller, Kristen E" sort="Miller, Kristen E" uniqKey="Miller K" first="Kristen E." last="Miller">Kristen E. Miller</name><name sortKey="Ming, Douglas W" sort="Ming, Douglas W" uniqKey="Ming D" first="Douglas W." last="Ming">Douglas W. Ming</name><name sortKey="Pavlov, Alexander" sort="Pavlov, Alexander" uniqKey="Pavlov A" first="Alexander" last="Pavlov">Alexander Pavlov</name><name sortKey="Steele, Andrew" sort="Steele, Andrew" uniqKey="Steele A" first="Andrew" last="Steele">Andrew Steele</name><name sortKey="Summons, Roger E" sort="Summons, Roger E" uniqKey="Summons R" first="Roger E." last="Summons">Roger E. Summons</name><name sortKey="Sutter, Brad" sort="Sutter, Brad" uniqKey="Sutter B" first="Brad" last="Sutter">Brad Sutter</name><name sortKey="Sutter, Brad" sort="Sutter, Brad" uniqKey="Sutter B" first="Brad" last="Sutter">Brad Sutter</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Buch, Arnaud" sort="Buch, Arnaud" uniqKey="Buch A" first="Arnaud" last="Buch">Arnaud Buch</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cabane, Michel" sort="Cabane, Michel" uniqKey="Cabane M" first="Michel" last="Cabane">Michel Cabane</name><name sortKey="Coll, Patrice" sort="Coll, Patrice" uniqKey="Coll P" first="Patrice" last="Coll">Patrice Coll</name><name sortKey="Coscia, David" sort="Coscia, David" uniqKey="Coscia D" first="David" last="Coscia">David Coscia</name><name sortKey="Szopa, Cyril" sort="Szopa, Cyril" uniqKey="Szopa C" first="Cyril" last="Szopa">Cyril Szopa</name><name sortKey="Teinturier, Samuel" sort="Teinturier, Samuel" uniqKey="Teinturier S" first="Samuel" last="Teinturier">Samuel Teinturier</name></country><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Navarro Onzalez, Rafael" sort="Navarro Onzalez, Rafael" uniqKey="Navarro Onzalez R" first="Rafael" last="Navarro-González">Rafael Navarro-González</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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